
Joseph Pilates’ Pre-War Circus Life (1912–1914) | The Acrobat Who Became a Teacher:
Before Pilates became the global movement system we know today, it was part of something much bigger — a 19th-century fitness revolution across Europe. From the disciplined gymnastic drills of Friedrich Ludwig Jahn’s Turnverein clubs in Germany to Pehr Henrik Ling’s holistic Swedish gymnastics, this was an era obsessed with